Prime Minister of Malaysia

Prime Minister of Malaysia
Prime Minister of Malaysia
Perdana Menteri Malaysia ; ڤردان منتري مليسيا‎
	Coat of arms of Malaysia
	Emblem of the Prime Minister's Office
	Incumbent; Anwar Ibrahim; since 24 November 2022
	Government of Malaysia; Prime Minister's Department
Style	Prime Minister; (informal); Yang Amat Berhormat; (formal); The Right Honourable; (within the Commonwealth); His Excellency; (diplomatic)
Member of	Cabinet; Prime Minister's Department; National Finance Council; National Security Council; House of Representatives;
Reports to	Parliament
Residence	Seri Perdana, Putrajaya
Seat	Perdana Putra, Putrajaya
Appointer	Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Term length	Five years, renewable
Constituting instrument	Constitution of Malaysia
Inaugural holder	Tunku Abdul Rahman
Formation	31 August 1957; 66 years ago
Salary	RM22,826.65/US$ 5,106 per month
Website	www.pmo.gov.my

The Prime Minister of Malaysia (Malay: Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: ڤردان منتري مليسيا) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the prime minister as a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. This person is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election.

After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya, became the first prime minister of Malaysia.

Appointment

According to the Federal Constitution, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall first appoint a prime minister to preside over the Cabinet. The prime minister is to be a member of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives), and who in his majesty's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House. This person must be a Malaysian citizen, but cannot have obtained their citizenship by means of naturalisation or registration. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall appoint other ministers from either the Dewan Rakyat or Dewan Negara (Senate) with the prime minister's advice.

The prime minister and his cabinet ministers must take and subscribe to the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy in the presence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong before they can exercise functions of office. The Cabinet is collectively accountable to the Parliament of Malaysia. The members of the Cabinet shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause a conflict of interest. The Prime Minister's Department (sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister's Office) is the body and ministry in which the prime minister exercises his/her functions and powers.

In the case where a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or when the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the prime minister is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's choice of replacement prime minister will be dictated by the circumstances. All other ministers shall continue to hold office by the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unless if the appointment of any minister is revoked by his majesty upon the advice of the prime minister. Any minister may resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeat in an election, or the death of a prime minister, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong would generally appoint as the new leader of the governing party or coalition as new Prime Minister.

Malaysia uses first-past-the-post-voting system, which means a party or coalition who gets 112 seats in lower house will lead the government.^[2]

Powers

The power of the prime minister is subject to a number of limitations. Prime ministers removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives, must advise a new election of the lower house or resign the office. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Parliament, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.

The prime minister's party will normally have a majority in the House of Representatives and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Malaysian politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the House of Representatives is mostly a formality.

Under the Constitution, the prime minister's role includes advising the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on:

the appointment of the federal ministers (full members of cabinet);
the appointment of the federal deputy ministers, parliamentary secretaries (non-full members of cabinet);
the appointment of 44 out of 70 Senators in the Dewan Negara;
the summoning and adjournment of sittings of the Dewan Rakyat;
the appointment of judges of the superior courts (which are the High Courts, the Court of Appeal, and the Federal Court);
the appointment of the attorney-general and the auditor-general; and
the appointment of the chairmen and members of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, Election Commission, Police Force Commission, Education Service Commission, National Finance Council, and Armed Forces Council;

Under Article 39 of the Constitution, executive authority is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, Article 40(1) states that in most cases, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is bound to exercise his powers on the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Thus, in practice, actual governing authority is vested in the Prime Minister and Cabinet.

Acting prime minister

From time to time, prime ministers are required to leave the country on business and a deputy is appointed to take their place during that time. In the days before jet aeroplanes, such absences could be for extended periods. However, the position can be fully decided by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the king of Malaysia when the position remains empty following the sudden resignation or death of the prime minister.^{[citation needed]}

Caretaker prime minister

Under Article 55(3) of Constitution of Malaysia, the lower house of Parliament, unless sooner dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with his own discretion on the advice of the prime minister, shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. Article 55(4) of the Constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and Parliament shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one Parliament and the convening of the next, the prime minister and the cabinet remain in office in a caretaker capacity.^{[citation needed]}

List of prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):

Alliance Party (2) Barisan Nasional (6) Pakatan Harapan (2) Perikatan Nasional (1)

#	Portrait	Prime Minister (Birth–Death) Constituency	Term of office			Mandate^[a]	Party^[b]		Government	Monarch(s)
#	Portrait	Prime Minister (Birth–Death) Constituency	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Mandate^[a]	Party^[b]		Government	Monarch(s)
1		His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ (1903–1990) MP for Kuala Kedah	31 August 1957	22 September 1970	13 years, 23 days	1955		Alliance (UMNO)	Rahman I	Abdul Rahman Hisamuddin Putra Ismail Nasiruddin Abdul Halim
						1959			Rahman II
						1964			Rahman III
						1969			Rahman IV
2		Tun Haji Abdul Razak Hussein عبد الرزاق حسين‎ (1922–1976) MP for Pekan	22 September 1970	14 January 1976^[c]	5 years, 115 days	–		Alliance (UMNO)	Razak I	Abdul Halim Yahya Petra
2			22 September 1970	14 January 1976^[c]	5 years, 115 days	1974		BN (UMNO)	Razak II	Abdul Halim Yahya Petra
3		Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ (1922–1990) MP for Sri Gading	15 January 1976	16 July 1981	5 years, 183 days	–		BN (UMNO)	Hussein I	Yahya Petra Ahmad Shah
3		Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ (1922–1990) MP for Sri Gading	15 January 1976	16 July 1981	5 years, 183 days	1978		BN (UMNO)	Hussein II	Yahya Petra Ahmad Shah
4		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ (b.1925) MP for Kubang Pasu	16 July 1981	30 October 2003	22 years, 107 days	—		BN (UMNO)	Mahathir I	Ahmad Shah Iskandar Azlan Shah Ja'afar Salahuddin Sirajuddin
						1982			Mahathir II
						1986			Mahathir III
						1990			Mahathir IV
						1995			Mahathir V
						1999			Mahathir VI
5		Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi عبد الله احمد بدوي‎ (b.1939) MP for Kepala Batas	31 October 2003	3 April 2009	5 years, 155 days	—		BN (UMNO)	Abdullah I	Sirajuddin Mizan Zainal Abidin
						2004			Abdullah II
						2008			Abdullah III
6		Dato' Sri Haji Najib Razak نجيب رزاق‎ (b.1953) MP for Pekan	3 April 2009	9 May 2018	9 years, 37 days	—		BN (UMNO)	Najib I	Mizan Zainal Abidin Abdul Halim Muhammad V
6			3 April 2009	9 May 2018	9 years, 37 days	2013		BN (UMNO)	Najib II	Mizan Zainal Abidin Abdul Halim Muhammad V
7		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ (b.1925) MP for Langkawi	10 May 2018	24 February 2020	1 year, 291 days	2018		PH (BERSATU)	Mahathir VII	Muhammad V Abdullah
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was the Interim Prime Minister. (24 February–1 March 2020)										Abdullah
8		Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ (b.1947) MP for Pagoh	1 March 2020	16 August 2021	1 year, 169 days	—		PN (BERSATU)	Muhyiddin
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Muhyiddin Yassin was the Caretaker Prime Minister. (16–21 August 2021)
9		Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob اسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ (b.1960) MP for Bera	21 August 2021	24 November 2022	1 year, 96 days	—		BN (UMNO)	Ismail Sabri
10		Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim انور ابراهيم‎‎ (b.1947) MP for Tambun	24 November 2022	Incumbent	1 year, 4 days	(2022)		PH (PKR)	Anwar

Timeline

Notes

^ Legend for mandate portion of column:

1955
a year

indicates a general election won by the government or that led to the formation of a government (the year links to the election's article);

(2022)
a parenthesised year

indicates an election resulting in no single party or coalition winning a parliamentary majority (the year links to the election's article);

—
a dash

indicates the formation of a majority government without an election.
^ This column names only the Prime Minister's party. The government may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.
^ Died in office.

List of acting prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political parties):

Alliance Party Barisan Nasional

Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Notes	Political Party
Abdul Razak Hussein (1922–1976)	19 August 1959	19 November 1959	Abdul Razak Hussein was the acting prime minister after the first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, stepped down as prime minister for three months in 1959 to strengthen his party, the Alliance for the 1959 federal elections after it had lost two states, Kelantan and Terengganu, in the state elections which at that time were held before the federal contest.	Alliance Party (UMNO)
Ismail Abdul Rahman (1915–1973)	22 September 1970	22 September 1970	Ismail Abdul Rahman occasionally acted as acting prime minister when Tunku Abdul Rahman and Abdul Razak Hussein were on leave for going abroad.	Alliance Party (UMNO)
V. T. Sambanthan (1919–1979)	3 August 1973	13 August 1973	V. T. Sambanthan was called to serve as acting prime minister and chair the cabinet meeting for a day when the former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein was overseas and his deputy Ismail Abdul Rahman had died.	Alliance Party (MIC)
Ling Liong Sik (b. 1943)	4 February 1988	16 February 1988	In 1988, when UMNO as the founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition was declared unlawful and illegal political party, Mahathir Mohamad was disqualified as the Barisan Nasional chairman. Ling Liong Sik became the new chairman of the Barisan Nasional and served as an acting prime minister for a couple of days until the new party, UMNO Baru, was legalised by the Registrar of Societies (ROS).	Barisan Nasional (MCA)
Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947)	19 May 1997	19 July 1997	Anwar Ibrahim acted as an acting prime minister for two months started from 19 May 1997 as Mahathir Mohamad was on vacation.	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)

References

^ "CPPS Policy Factsheet: Remuneration of Elected Officials in Malaysia" (PDF). Centre for Public Policy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
^ "Malaysia Gelar Pemilu Hari Ini". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 19 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.

[Mandate-3] Legend for mandate portion of column:

1955
a year

indicates a general election won by the government or that led to the formation of a government (the year links to the election's article);

(2022)
a parenthesised year

indicates an election resulting in no single party or coalition winning a parliamentary majority (the year links to the election's article);

—
a dash

indicates the formation of a majority government without an election.

[4] This column names only the Prime Minister's party. The government may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; those are not listed here.

[5] Died in office.

[1] "CPPS Policy Factsheet: Remuneration of Elected Officials in Malaysia" (PDF). Centre for Public Policy Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.

[2] "Malaysia Gelar Pemilu Hari Ini". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 19 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.

[1]

[2]

[a]

[b]

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