Operation 1027

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This article is about the rebel operation in Northern Myanmar. For the one in Southeastern Myanmar, see Operation 1107.

Operation 1027
Part of the Myanmar civil war

Map as of 16 November 2023
  Gains made by anti-junta forces
Date27 October 2023 – present
(1 month)
Location
Shan State
Mandalay Region
Sagaing Region
China–Myanmar border
India–Myanmar border
Status Ongoing
Territorial
changes		 Anti-junta forces capture 9 towns[a]
Belligerents

State Administration Council

Three Brotherhood Alliance and other rebels
Commanders and leaders
Units involved

 Tatmadaw

Three Brotherhood Alliance:

Other anti-junta forces:

Strength
Unknown 20,000[6]
Casualties and losses
298 killed[7][8]
300+ captured		 Unknown
150 civilians killed[9], 94 injured (as of November 20)
200,000 displaced[10]

Operation 1027 (Burmese: ၁၀၂၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေး; MLCTS: 1027 Cachcangre:, Burmese pronunciation: [tə.sʰɛ̀ n̥ə.sʰɛ̼.θóʊɴ sɪʔ.sʰɪɴ.jè]) is an ongoing joint military operation conducted by the Three Brotherhood Alliance, a military coalition composed of three ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar: the Arakan Army (AA), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA).[11][12]

The joint forces launched simultaneous attacks in multiple towns in northern Shan State, targeting the Myanmar Army, the Myanmar Police Force, and pro-military militia installations in Kutkai, Kyaukme, Muse, Namhkam, Nawnghkio, Lashio, and Chinshwehaw.[13][14] The rebels later expanded their offensive outside Shan State to Sagaing Region, staging attacks in Mogok, Mandalay and Htigyaing, and capturing Kawlin.[15][16][17] By the end of 11 November 2023, the Brotherhood Alliance claimed to have captured a total of 168 army outposts across the region.[18] Other anti-junta groups in the country, such as the People's Defense Force (PDF) of the government-in-exile, pledged their support for and participation in the operation, conducting further attacks on the regime.

On 7 November, rebel groups in the south announced Operation 1107 in support of 1027, particularly focused on Kayah State.[19]

Background[edit]

The cyber-scamming industry has plagued Myanmar since the February 2021 coup. The military junta has worked with Chinese gangs to traffic over 120,000 people into the country, where they are forced to work in inhumane and degrading conditions. The industry has earned billions of dollars in revenue for the junta and the gangs. China has exerted pressure on the regime to end the practice, and have been actively working with the Three Brotherhood Alliance, whose members are all dependent on China for military equipment, to extricate individuals with pending Chinese warrants.[20][4][6][21] According to an emergency meeting of the National Defence and Security council, the junta leader Min Aung Hlaing noted that long-standing tensions and scam call centers along the border were exacerbated by Chinese investment.

On the 20th of October, the armed forces established by cybercrime ringleader[22] and former pro-military member of parliament Ming Xuechang [zh] massacred imprisoned fraudsters in northern Myanmar. There were reports that at least 80 people were killed, and there were also reports that four Chinese undercover police officers were buried alive. This massacre became a trigger for Operation 1027.[23].

Objectives[edit]

The Three Brotherhood Alliance released a joint statement declaring the start of Operation 1027, on 27 October 2023. The alliance had the combined capability to draw on 15,000 troops.[24] The statement detailed the primary objectives of the operation, being to:

  • Safeguard the lives of civilians
  • Assert [their] right to self-defence
  • Maintain control over [their] territory
  • Respond resolutely to ongoing artillery attacks and airstrikes perpetrated by the State Administration Council
  • Eradicat[e] the oppressive military rule
  • [Combat] the widespread online gambling fraud that has plagued Myanmar, particularly along the China–Myanmar border[25][26]

The State Administration Council believes the operation and attack to be targeted towards damaging China-Myanmar relations from its focus on disrupting the opening of a major bridge in Kunlong Township and the Union highway overland trade in general.[27]

In context of the war[edit]

According to analyst Matthew Arnold, the operation is a strategic move by EAOs, not a result of external coercion. EAOs are capable and competent decision-makers who emphasize the operation as part of a broader national movement.[28] China supports the rebels in their crackdown on online scams and provided material support to rebel alliance.[29][30][31] The operation itself carried out along the China-Myanmar border, an area that the junta had previously been assured by China of a ceasefire. The MNDAA were actively and visibly working with People's Liberation Army fighters in the operation. China's stance is multifaceted, potentially driven by concerns about cyber-scam centers, the pursuit of favorable concessions from the junta on the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor or the opportunity to influence the PDF in light of evolving dynamics between NUG and EAO groups.[32] The junta's loss of strategic control of key locations and hills in northern Shan is evidence of the unforeseen collaboration between majority Bamar PDF groups and minority EAO groups combined with widespread revolt that the junta was ill-prepared for.[28] However, other analysts have noted that this cooperation is as an extension of the Spring Revolution in Myanmar, rather than as a China-centric event, citing the involvement of frontline medical doctors from the Civil Disobedience Movement, as well as the use of drone warfare, a tactic popularized by the PDF.[33].

Timeline[edit]

October[edit]

27 October[edit]

At 4:00 am, the MNDAA attacked military bases in Kokang and reported that junta forces had been killed and some captured along with their weapons.[34] Reports indicated that the TNLA captured junta's 13 Mile Camp and Microweave Camp on the Namhkam-Namphatka Road in Namhkam Township.[35] The MNDAA reportedly had seized control of the town of Chinshwehaw and blocked the Lashio-Muse Highway and Lashio-Chin Shwe Haw Road to prevent the regime from bringing reinforcements along these routes.[36]

The regime responded with aerial bombardments and heavy shelling.[37] SAC's spokesperson Major General Zaw Min Tun confirmed that fighting occurred near Hsenwi and some security police stations and militia stations were destroyed.[38] He also admitted that some security forces personnel were killed and injured, but did not provide the exact number. According to Al Jazeera, the German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported about 20 soldiers were killed in an attack on one of the customs offices in Chinshwehaw.[14] A member of Luakkiang's police force reported that 17 police officers were killed after the MNDAA attacked checkpoints.[26] The Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) stated it was involved in the operation alongside the Brotherhood Alliance, which has been training BPLA fighters.[39]

AA engaged in multiple skirmishes with junta forces in Htigyaing Township, a township bordering northwestern Shan State in Sagaing Region. AA claimed multiple junta casualties after clashes south of Mt. Mawkun.[40][15]

Nine rebel groups raided a military checkpoint on the Taungtha-Myingyan road in the Taungtha Township. The groups used drones to bomb the base before their assault, and claimed to have killed 20 junta troops. Other rebels ambushed a junta convoy bringing reinforcements, but were forced to withdraw.[7][16]

A child and a woman were killed and at least 5 others were injured due to an artillery strike on Namphatka village in Kutkai Township.[35]

28 October[edit]

According to rebel sources, the MNDAA had ambushed junta soldiers coming from Hopang and seized three junta outposts — with two of them near the China-Myanmar border in the town of Mong Ko. They also claimed to have defeated paratroopers dropped near Chinshwehaw and captured paradropped weaponry.[7] The TNLA claimed that it had seized three outposts in Namhkam Township and two outposts in the Lashio area. Junta spokespeople acknowledged losing certain outposts and expressed their desire for peace and stability.[41]

About 600 IDPs from Lashio were displaced by heavy weapons and gunfire through the 27th and 28th. Clashes have disrupted roads and villages near Lashio, including the Hopaik toll gate on the Lashio-Muse Highway. However, Lashio itself remains mostly untouched.[42] The Mandalay-Lashio road and the Hopaik Toll Gate, which saw fighting on the 27th, returned to normal on the 28th. Fighting, however, continued to occur further away from Mandalay towards Kyaukme, Hsenwi, and Kutkai.[43]

29 October[edit]

Clashes in Htigyaing Township continued until 29 October with the junta dispatching air force planes to engage in the area.[40]

A TNLA-led force, alongside Mandalay PDF forces, attacked a junta camp in Kyaukkyan village, three miles from the town of Nawnghkio. The junta retreated from the camp, moving towards a missile site on the Nawnghkio-Yetsawk road. At the same time, another contingent attacked and captured junta personnel on the Goktwin Bridge on the Nawnghkio-Kyaukme road near the Goteik viaduct cutting off access along the Mandalay-Muse Union Highway.[44] Other TNLA and PDF groups attacked a military unit near Ahtet Nyaung Kone, in Mogok Township.[7]

30 October[edit]

Five clashes continued through northern Shan State within an outpost in Hsenwi Township and the Alliance destroyed the Hsenwi General Administration Department office. The Brotherhood alliance further claimed to have captured the junta forces in Mongli village, Hsenwi Township, and to have surrounded Nawnghkio Township. By the end of 30 October, the Brotherhood Alliance claimed to have captured a total of 67 army outposts and taken 34 junta personnel as prisoners.[40] The rebel forces were also able to capture Ukrainian-made armored vehicles from the Junta. [45] TNLA and MDY-PDF were also able to capture the areas around the town of Nawnghkio and goute htate bridge. [46]

A spokesperson for the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) stated that the group was collaborating with the Brotherhood Alliance as part of the operation, and reaffirmed their shared goal of toppling the military junta.[15] The Alliance also announced that they were cooperating with the KIA in the battles in Sagaing.[16]

31 October[edit]

At around 5 am, joint KIA and AA forces attacked Maliyan camp near the Kantawyang [my] junta base on the Myitkyina-Bhamo road in Waingmaw Township. The battle involved airstrikes from the Myanmar Air Force which reportedly destroyed six houses after attacks aimed towards Aungja. By 8 am, the junta had lost control of the camp and the joint forces moved in on Kantawyang base- capturing the base from a retreating Junta force. Heavy weapon firing and aerial attacks continued in the area- including strikes targeted towards Laiza, the headquarters of the KIA.[47] During the attack, the commander of the junta's 387th battalion was killed.[48] The 71st Infantry Battalion under the junta's command arrested around 20 refugees to use them as human shields and reportly mutilated 7 of them brutally in Tabayin. [49]

November[edit]

1 November[edit]

On the 1st of November, the Junta arrested around 200 foreign workers to use them as human shields at the front line of Laukkai. [50]

A SAC convoy advances on Nawnghkio (30 October 2023)

2 November[edit]

By 2 November, 92 junta bases and four towns had been captured by the Brotherhood Alliance and allies.[51] It was also reported that 14 civilians had been killed by junta shelling and airstrikes since the start of the operation.[51] The Alliance claimed to be in "complete control" of both Chinshwehaw and Hsenwi.[52] The Three Brotherhood Alliance also imposed a siege on Nawngkhio, blocking junta troops from all of northern Shan.[6] Peng Hseng, a border town east of Muse, also came under alliance control.[53]

3 November[edit]

Rebel forces occupied Kawlin's police station on 3 November after simultaneous attacks on at least 10 junta positions in eight townships across Sagaing and Magwe regions as part of the operation. The NUG Ministry of Defense said that at least six junta camps and police stations had been seized by rebel forces in northern Sagaing in Kawlin, Kantbalu, Kyunhla, Wuntho, Kalewa, Kale, Homalin and Tamu townships.[54]

4 November[edit]

By 4 November, 106 junta bases and four towns has been captured by the anti-junta alliance in the states of Shan and Kachin.[55] Myanmar's junta launched several airstrikes in Kawlin, Sagaing Region, as rebel forces attacked regime strongholds, according to residents.[54] The KIA, AA and ABSDF are fighting alongside PDF and LPDF forces in the Sagaing-Magway front as part of the operation.[56]

During the conflict, a shell landed on the Chinese border, causing the death of one Chinese citizen and multiple injuries.[57]

6 November[edit]

After assaulting Kawlin for three days, KIA, AA and PDF combined forces were finally able to capture the town.[17][58] Namhkam was also taken by the TNLA. Only one junta base remains on a hill about two miles from the town.[2] AA and MNDAA forces were also able to seize Panlong base in Kunlong Township. Colonel Aung Kyaw Lwin, commander of the 99th Infantry Division, was killed in the battle.[59] It's also reported that the Junta launched daily artillery strikes and air strikes on the city of Laiza as retaliation for its massive losses. [60]

It was reported that more than 20 civilians, including 3 children, had been killed by junta airstrikes and shelling since the beginning of the operation.[61]

7 November[edit]

The town of Khampat in Sagaing Region was taken by the PDF. The battle for the town started on 4 November. In three days, all the police stations and military camps were captured by the rebel forces. The town came under the complete control of the PDF forces on the morning of 7 November. KIA and Chin National Defense Force (CNDF) forces also participated in the assault.[62] The city of Mong Ko along the China-Myanmar border was captured by the MNDAA.[63] Mongko base, one of the most important bases in Northern Shan State, was also captured by the MNDAA. They captured ammunition and other military equipment, including an armored car.[64] Three junta bases in Maesae Township, Kayah State were also captured by KNDF as a part of the Operation 1107.[65] It was the first skirmish to happen in the region since the start of the operation.

8 November[edit]

Junta chief Min Aung Hlaing reportedly called up all military reservists to prepare for military operations after the high losses experienced in the fighting.[66] Military doctors still studying for degrees have also been called to front-line combat.[67] The TNLA gained control of the last remaining Tatmadaw base in Namhkam, killing 13 junta soldiers while capturing 3 others as well as 30 pieces of ammunition.[68]

9 November[edit]

The junta lost control of the city of Kunlong.[69] Junta forces attacked a camp manned by TNLA and MDY-PDF forces near Ommkha village near Nawnghkio with three armored cars. One of the armored cars was destroyed and captured by TNLA/MDY-PDF forces and the two remaining armored cars retreated. The KIA also captured three military bases in Hpakant Township. In Kalewa, the PDF engaged the junta in a battle in which 10 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed, and 50 weapons were seized by the rebels.[70] The same day, the Junta summoned all its reserves into action. [71]

10 November[edit]

A junta group consisting of about 200 combatants were attacked on their way to Kawlin by local PDF forces. The battle lasted for about three hours. The PDF claimed that they had seized about 50 firearms.[72] The MNDAA skirmished with junta forces in Kunlong. A combined force of the PDF, KIA, AA, and ABSDF continued to assault Htigyaing. The junta forces received support from aircraft bombing the town.[73]

11 November[edit]

The MNDAA bombarded the headquarters of North Eastern Command and the central police station in Lashio with artillery.

It was reported that more than 300 junta soldiers and allied junta-aligned militia members had surrendered to rebel forces since the beginning of the operation.[74]

12 November[edit]

The TNLA attacked a Kyinti military base on a bridge near Hsipaw in the morning and had completely captured it by 5:30 AM.[75] Military bases on the western bank of the Salween River in Kunlong were taken by the MNDAA and both sides of the town came under its control. Equipment seized by the group included two D-30 howitzers, one 122mm MAM-01 MRLS, one 240mm MAM-02 MRLS, one BTR-3U armoured vehicle, one EE-9 armoured vehicle, one MT-LB armoured vehicle and several mortars.[76][77] The military regime imposed martial law in Kunlong, Kutkai, Muse, Namhkan, Hsenwi, Lashio,[78] Laukkai and Konkyan.[79]

13 November[edit]

China issued arrest warrants for junta-aligned Ming Xuechang and three other Ming family members for their involvement in online scamming operations.[80] According to The Diplomat, this move signals China's "tacit support for the removal of the Kokang SAZ's leadership".[30] The MNDAA again, was able to capture more Ukaranian-made armored vehicles. [81]

The mansion of the Ming family located in Shiyuanzi Village, Kokang SAZ, was bombed out. The MNDAA have denied responsibility.[82]

The first fighting in Rakhine since the operation began took place in Rathedaung and Minbya townships. The AA reported that it had seized outposts and arrested some officers.[83]

14 November[edit]

43 Myanmar Army soldiers attempted to flee across the border into the Indian state of Mizoram. Most of them were disarmed by the Assam Rifles and sent back to Myanmar.[41][84] According to reports from the MNDAA, the MNDAA began to attack the Myanmar army positions stationed in Mawhtike, capturing two posts and killing 20 Myanmar soldiers.[85]

15 November[edit]

Rebel forces reported that an entire battalion of army forces surrendered to them in Shan State. The surrender of more than 200 soldiers and family members would mark the largest such surrender since the conflict escalated after the 2021 coup.[86] The Junta used air-strikes against the refugees in Loikaw.[87]

The State Administration Council further announced that junta-alligned Kokang SAZ chairman Myint Swe would be temporarily replaced by Brigadier General Tun Tun Myint. Tun Tun Myint was previously the commander in charge of northern Shan State operations. The move is understood to be in anticipation of Operation 1027 moving towards Laukkai.[3]

The 6th light infantry battalion and 425th light infantry battalion of the Junta's 66th light infantry division fighting in Loikaw University were completely annihalitated with the battalion commander and the second in command killed in both battalions despite the use of excessive air support and artillery support. The remaining 38 soldiers under the command of captain Kaung Myat Ko who happened to be the only officer left, surrendered to the KNDF .[88]

16 November[edit]

Cybercrime ringleader Ming Xuechang and his family were arrested by Myanmar junta authorities and handed over to China. Ming Xuechang died in police custody, and the Consulate General of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Kunming claims that Ming Guochang died of suicide.[89][90] Ming Julan was later found by rebel forces and was handed over as well.[91][92][additional citation(s) needed]

The AA seized Pauktaw in Rakhine State, prompting Myanmar's military to launch air strikes and naval attacks on the town.[93]

17 November[edit]

Bai Xuoqian, former deputy commander of the MNDAA and former head of the Kokang SAZ, was stopped by the Myanmar Army when he tried to leave Kokang.[94]

18 November[edit]

The military launched a successful offensive to retake their Sakhan Thit Kone base in Namhkam Township, which had been captured by the TNLA the previous day. The TNLA accused the junta of using prohibited chemical weapons during their offensive by dropping bombs which caused "dizziness, breathlessness, nausea, extreme agitation, fatigue, and low blood oxygen" among its troops.[95]

20 November[edit]

Supporters of the junta staged a protest in Yangon outside City Hall and the Chinese embassy, accusing China of aiding the Brotherhood Alliance and the PDF in their fight against the military regime.[96] China was also accused by the pro-regime protestors, who are members of the Patriotic Monks Union and the Myanmar Nationalist Organization, of purchasing rare earth elements from the KIA for cheap prices.

24 November[edit]

TNLA retook their Mine Kyat base in Lashio Township after a 28-day battle and seized heavy equipment like howitzers from the junta after capturing the base. They had previously abandoned it after junta airstrikes.[97]

Impact[edit]

The UNOCHA reported that as of 30 October 2023, over 6,200 individuals have been newly displaced, with around 1,000 of them seeking refuge in forests and more than 5,000 IDPs taking shelter in temporary sites, mostly religious compounds. In Kutkai township, electricity was cut off due to the destruction of power lines during the fighting, and mobile communication services have been disrupted in several townships, including Hsenwi, Kutkai, Muse, Namhkan, and Kokang Self-Administered Zone.[98] Myanmar Now reported that according to local aid workers, over 25,000 people had been displaced by the fighting, with around half fleeing to Namtit in Wa state.[52]

The offensive resulted in the halt of cross-border trade with China. Fighting has stopped traffic on all the major trade roads to the Chinese border, and the border posts at Muse and Laukkai have been closed. Cargo has been redirected to Loi Je in Kachin State, but the town is too small to handle as much trade as the Northern Shan border, which accounts for 70% of all trade with China. The Irrawaddy estimated that the junta is losing an estimated US$423,000 per day in tax revenue from the stoppage.[99]

After this military operation, the cyber-scamming base in northern Myanmar was greatly destroyed, and a large number of Chinese nationals involved were sent back to China for further screening and trial.[100]

Reactions[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Chinshwehaw, Pang Hseng, Hsenwi, Rikhawdar,[1] Namhkam,[2] Kawlin, Kunlong, Mong Ko, Khampat and Pauktaw.

References[edit]

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